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In effect for every Rs 100 of assets monetised, the cash flow yield from the asset that the operator can expect is Rs 50. From this, he must deduct the return that he expects from his investment, the risk premium attached to the earning, and general uncertainty of dealing with a capricious government. A sum of Rs.25.00 crores is proposed towards assistance for nutrition under PMGY. For supplementary Nutrition under general ICDS scheme, a sum of Rs.13.75 crores is proposed.

Well, I mean that boils down to what is the GDP growth target that you have in mind. I mean if the GDP growth target is let us say just 4.5% or 5% you will still reach $5 trillion at some time. Even if heat waves strike again and crops get affected, overall growth should not suffer, according to Poonam Gupta, head of the National Council of Applied Economic Research. In GFCF, the term gross signifies that adjustments due to depreciation of capital stock (e.g., machinery) are not made. When such an adjustment is made, it is called Net Fixed Capital Formation.

For upgradation of Industrial Estates such as those at Guindy and Ambattur, the outlay proposed is Rs.6 crores for each of these Estates. Reclamation of waterlogged areas, saline and alkaline will also be taken up by Agricultural Engineering Department under this programme. With the loan assistance from NABARD RIDF-VII for enhancing the irrigation potential. The WRCP-II provides for rehabilitation and modernisation of 16 irrigation systems and 25 Minor Schemes in Tamil Nadu . Irrigation will be put on a sustainable footing through rehabilitation and modernisation of the systems linked with farmer participation and upgraded maintenance and water management. In addition an amount of Rs.9 crores has also been proposed towards rejuvenation and augmentation of traditional sources under upgradation and special problem grant.

Any dividend and or share buyback will be applicable to minority shareholders as well. So the yield to government from asset monetisation gets reduced even further. Does asset monetisation bring additional resources to the gross savings pool in the economy?

The burden of the hike in direct taxes falls on the lower and middle class consumers indirectly, and hence, their consumption falls, dragging GDP growth down even further. This snarl of vicious circularity was further exacerbated by the pandemic, when Modi with his usual panache for disasters, tanked the economy by sinking GDP by 28% in one quarter. The GDP for the full year fell by 7%, the highest of any major economy. Net net, the asset monetisation plan will not result in any additions to gross domestic savings in the economy. UDISHA training including orientation training to Anganwadi helpers, disability management training, capacity building of inter-sectoral teams, gender sensitization training and IEC activities will be imparted at an outlay of Rs. 7.21 crores. Financial assistance is being given to daughters of poor widows, orphan girls, widow remarriage and inter caste marriage through various marriage assistance schemes.

India’s economic growth likely slowed further to 4.6% in October-December

To calculate personal income, transfer payments to individuals are added to national income, while social security contributions, corporate tax and undistributed profits are subtracted. Various national income aggregates are estimated either at factor cost or at market price. This is concerned with the development of better technology and working practices that improve the efficiency of production over a period of time.

Many Services like BPO, value addition in legal consultancy, health services, financial and business services and service sector as a whole is not based on accurate reporting and hence, national income is underestimated. The Government appoints Managing Directors from Whole-time Directors of a public sector banks after vigilance clearance, etc.The Names of these WTDs are recommended by the Financial Services Institutions Bureau . The appointment can now be made initially for up to 5 years, which can be extended for the same number of years. Thus, the Central Government may, after consultation with the Reserve Bank, reappoint the Managing Director and other whole-time directors of the public sector banks. These calculations may also be applied to web home product , which deducts the depreciation of produced capital from GDP.

The solution to the fall in prices lies in government intervening in the market and buying off the surplus over normal levels. It is growth which is led by new investment that leads to a significant increase in employment. But growth caused by improved efficiency of utilization of existing capital can lead only to a marginal increase in employment. Much of the growth seen in the last few years is of the latter variety (i.e marginal increase). Average capital output ratio is the ratio of total capital to the output of the economy. • Ignores Human Capital – The COR also fails to tell us anything about investment in human capital in the form of social overheads needed to achieve a certain rate of economic growth.

For ensuring a sustained high growth, we need to raise the investment ratio and keep the incremental capital-output ratio at 4. Capital output ratio determines the rate at which output increases as a result of a given amount of capital investment. Capital output ratio is the amount of capital required to produce output worth Rs.1. If Y stands for output and K stands for stock of capital used to produce that output, then K/Y represents capital output ratio. • Lack of Reliable Data – In the words of planning commission, “Precise calculations of the COR can be made only in the light of concrete programmes of development and technical data regarding costs and output”. In other words, COR is the ratio of increase in output or real income to an increase in capital.

What is Capital Output Ratio? What is its significance in macroeconomic management?

The concept of ICOR can be used to determine the current rate of income growth of a country. • Aggregate or Countrywide Capital Output Ratio – ACOR is an average of all the sectoral capital output ratios of the economy. However, as we know from Modi’s track record, every bit of this additional money that PSUs get, will be vacuumed out of them by way of compulsory dividends or share buy-backs, and poured into the bottomless pit of government coffers.

A higher ICOR indicates thatproduction is inefficient as it requires more capital investment to generate the next unit of production. India will tax investments in debt mutual funds as short-term capital gains and royalty payouts by local arms of multinational companies at a higher rate, while offering marginal relief to individual taxpayers under the new income tax regime. It also advises the government on evolving icor formula training and development programmes for management personnel in PSBs, FIs and PSIs. Structural reforms tackle obstacles to the fundamental drivers of growth by liberalising labour, product and service markets, thereby encouraging job creation and investment and improving productivity. High ICOR indicates an inefficient economic environment as a large amount of capital is being used to produce low value goods.

Producing extra items and services can lead to a rise in national earnings levels. To accumulate additional capital, a country needs to generate savings and investments from family savings or based on government policy. In summation, the savings fee times the marginal product of capital minus the depreciation price equals the output progress rate.

Digital transformation: Supercharging the Indian economy and powering an Aatmanirbhar Bharat

Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere (less than 1% that of Earth’s) and has a crust primarily composed of elements similar to Earth’s crust, as well as a core made of iron and nickel. Mariner 4, after 8 months of the voyage to mars, send the images of lunar-type impact craters. On this day in 1964, the United States launched the space probe Mariner 4 on a course towards Mars, which it flew past in July 1965, sending back pictures of the red planet. Proactively implement GRAP measures based on air quality forecasts, rather than retroactively implementing them once acceptable levels are breached. Stage 1 of GRAP is activated when the AQI is in the ‘poor’ category , while stage 2, 3 and 4 are imposed when the air quality turns ‘very poor, ‘severe’ and ‘severe plus’.

24 years old Early Childhood (Pre-Primary School) Teacher Charlie from Cold Lake, has several hobbies and interests including music-keyboard, forex, investment, bitcoin, cryptocurrency and butterfly watching. Is quite excited in particular about touring Durham Castle and Cathedral. The blue line signifies the quantity of recent capital that goes to exchange depreciated capital and the amount wanted to equip new staff with the same quantity of capital as the present staff . The distinction between that and complete saving is internet capital accumulation. Overall, the financial system will broaden, and productiveness per worker will increase. Capital deepening is often measured by the speed of change in capital inventory per labour hour.

Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation has entered into a Memorandum of Understanding with the Infrastructure Development Finance Corporation to develop the infrastructure funding plan. Project I enables the drawal of water from Veeranam Lake and distribution of about 180 Million litres daily of treated water to the City. The estimated cost of the project is Rs.720 crores and it is to be funded partly by the Government and partly by financial institutions. To prevent rain water running off into the sea, construction of check dams, reservoirs, tanks, etc., are proposed to store surplus water in Kortalaiyar, Coovum, Adayar and Palar rivers. The Chennai water Supply Augmentation Project-II aims at the construction of check dams. In order to improve the medical and health care services, 35 block PHCs will be upgraded with provision of beds, operation theatres, lab facilities, equipments and increased manpower under PMGY and a sum of Rs.9.96 crores is proposed.

In this transformation process, the role of research institutions like the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University and the Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Science University is very crucial. The Chennai Water Supply Augmentation Project – I has been launched to strengthen the system for irrigating 44,856 acres on the Veeranam Ayacut and to supply Veeranam water to Chennai. Similarly, Government has gone in for resetting the interest rates of high cost loans obtained earlier from HUDCO to reduce interest payment commitments. The State had moved the Centre for an untied package of grant assistance of Rs.3000 crores and subsequently for fiscal support to enable the State to take up fiscal reforms. It also includes the expansion of economic and social opportunities for all individuals and groups, reduction in disparities and greater participation in decision making.

4 NATIONAL INCOME ESTIMATIONS IN INDIA

The project will enhance agricultural production in about 6 lakhs hectares (about 50% of the State’s surface irrigated area) directly benefiting some 40 lakhs farmers. Of State Highways and major district roads will be taken up under an accelerated development programme and completed in a period of 3 years at an estimated cost of Rs.1500 crores. Institutionalisation of India’s real estate is expected to pick up pace. Transparency in the sector is expected to increase from hereon, and this aspect will attract a larger share of global investments in the years to come.

• • Price Fluctuations – The fluctuations prices of capital as well as output impose a serious limitation on the usefulness of COR.
• For the tiny sector, a similar scheme will be launched for which the outlay proposed is Rs.25 lakhs.
• Any dividend and or share buyback will be applicable to minority shareholders as well.
• First, the buyer offers more than the current value of the assets, because she can see hidden value in the assets, can improve on efficiency of use of assets by de-bottle-necking etc., and integrate it better into her existing businesses.

To achieve a high level of capital formation, a nation should also achieve high levels of domestic savings , so that capital formation can be funded without relying on external debt. It is the value of total goods & services produced in an economy over a given period of time. India will play a greater role in Volkswagen Group’s global operations amid global developments that are pushing the European auto giant to explore strategic growth opportunities in emerging countries.

II. Dynamic efficiency

Measures to facilitate competition and promote efficiency in the operation of telecommunication services to facilitate their growth. It also aims to provide a fair and transparent policy environment which promotes a level playing field and facilitates fair competition. The technology-based solutions are required to be tested in regulatory sandboxes under the oversight of the TRAI. The new regulatory framework has devolved control and regulatory powers to access providers, who are now required to establish their own codes of practice to deal with UCC. The average temperature required throughout the life period of the crop ranges from 21 to 37º C. In India rice is grown under widely varying conditions of altitude and climate.Rice cultivation in India extends from 8 to35ºN latitude and from sea level to as high as 3000 meters.

With the fully functioning of the Space station China will become only the third country in history to have put both astronauts into space and to build a space station, after Russia and the US. The crew will stay in orbit for about six months, a period in which the construction of the low-orbit space station is expected to be completed. Liquid water on the surface of Mars cannot exist due to low atmospheric pressure, which is less than 1% of the atmospheric pressure on Earth.

Remember, private investment in share-cropped land is zero because the tenant has no incentive to invest in the assets, and the land lord has already lost interest in the asset. Lower real interest rates to spur private investment that improves efficiency of asset use. But government debt as percentage of GDP now stand in the region of 90%. Government tax and non-tax revenues are expected to be 22.7% of GDP, and the combined government deficit is projected at 6.3%. Rs 50 represents the PV of annuity of Rs 4, over 25 years, discounted at 6% per annum.